The Conflict Between Life Outside Of Work And Work Balance

Abstract The objective of this paper is to further analyze research already conducted studies examining the conflicts between life outside of work and work obligations specific to a career in athletic training. It will also provide efficient techniques utilized to achieve life work balance. Research was gathered from various databases and journals. Portions of that research was extracted, summarized, and compared to research from other related articles. While the life-work balance is a consistent struggle for all athletic trainers, there are many different factors that contribute to the varying levels life-work balance. Keywords: Work-family conflict, life-work balance, athletic training job retention, D1 athletic trainers, parenting concerns, athletic training student perceptions, and work setting stress factors. Introduction The tradition family is an ideal of the past. Today families typically see full-time employment held by all parents or guardians involved and also consist of somewhere between two and four children on average. With the disappearance of the traditional family comes the appearance of women into the work force1. Women are making headway into jobs in all fields and taking on equivalent if not heavier workloads than men. Another contributing factor the work-family conflict is high rates of divorce and single parenthood; these unfortunate situations force the parents to work and to take on all of the house chores on their own. Number and age of childrenShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Male As Breadwinner On The Workplace1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe term work/life Balance has evolved around the idea of balancing work, life and family responsibilities in 1986 in USA. The concepts of work/life balance, work/family balance, work/life conflict, work/family conflict have gained prominence in the recent years due to the changes in the society and the workplace. The role of male as breadwinner is no longer relevant as more and more women are coming out to work and support the family in the best possible way(Charlesworth et al, Rajadhyaksha andRead MoreWorkplace Diversity and Work/Life Balance Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology, sociology and anthropology. These disciplines are important in trying to manage new and existing challenges in the workplace. Two examples of current workplace challenges are workplace diversity and the constant struggle to balance work life and home life. Workplace diversity has become a growing concern within organizations. Managers are now challenged with learning new ways to effectively communicate the importance of embracing different races and ethnicities. Diversity encompassesRead MoreThe Problems of Balancing School, Job, and Family1250 Words   |  5 Pagesrealize that education is significant in order to succeed. While working takes a lot of time away from family, adding school to your schedule makes it difficult to spend quality time with your children. The problem most people face with balancing school, work, and family is being an excellent student, an outstanding employee, and a caring parent all in the same day. These chronic and systematic harms place a heavy burden financially, logistically, and psychologically. With these three components you willRead MoreBalancing Work and Life1280 Words   |  5 Pages Work-life balance is a state of well being that allows a person to manage effectively multiple responsibilities at work, at home, and in their community. It is about living a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work, and having control over your time so one can achieve that (HR Magazine, 2001). This balance is achieved when an individuals right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and societyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Flexibility Benefits Used And Work Family Conflict1433 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is work family conflict. In the workforce today, and in numerous households people struggle with being able to balance family time and the responsibilities of their chosen career without creating disturbance within their home. As a way to lessen these disputes corporations have begun to provide certain benefits, organizations, and flexible work arrangements to their employees. Ho wever, in recent studies that examine the use of flexible work arrangements and reduced levels of work-family conflictRead MoreRelationship Between An Individual s Work And Home Environment1295 Words   |  6 PagesWork life balance is a really important factor within today’s industrial revolution as it is the relationship between an individual’s work/family commitments, thus having an impact on their behaviour between their work and home environment. Offering employees an satisfactory equilibrium allows them to balance their primary priorities which they have in their current employment position as well as maintaining their lifestyle outside of their position (Armstrong, 2014). Reasonably, an imbalance betweenRead MoreOffice Space Movie Review1150 Words   |  5 Pages Peter Giffins and his environment in the work place as he goes to work every day and really hates what he does until a hypnotist intervenes into what seems like his stressfully and miserable life. This movie was most inspiring and a true insight to the corporate world, through the eyes of the poorly treated rebellious staff. My analysis will focus on emotional competency; the stress brought on to Peter and how he effectively dealt with it, and conflict styles that arise in the movie and how it’sRead MoreMoral choices facing employees1672 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsible to do? What if their company’s interests conflict with their own? Should an employee speak out on immoral decision made by the company? Theses are just a few of the questions that an employee may have to consider while working for a company. Employees face tough moral choices including company loyalty, conflict s of interest, bribes, and whistle blowing. An employee has a legal obligation to the firm through his contract, but how loyal he is outside of legality is his choice. He can choose whetherRead MoreA Work Life Balance Means858 Words   |  4 PagesA work-life balance means that I feel that I am challenged and focused enough on work to have a healthy caseload as a social service provider, and at the same time, I feel that I am not neglecting any of my parenting or family duties. Essentially, everything is getting done on both fronts, but I do not feel overly stressed or overwhelmed during the process. When I feel that I do not have a healthy balance, (usually from work taking over more of my time and concentration) I feel more anxious and worriedRead MoreCompromises That Lead to the Constitution1716 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod between the drafting of the Constitution and the start of the Civil War, compromise was a main part in the governing of the United States. The Constitution itself is often referred to as a â€Å"bundle of compromises† and because of the effectiveness of these compromises it has been able to withstand time and continue to be the main source of our government. Conflict arose even after the Constitution and compromises were made to try to keep the Union together and decrease tensions between the North

Australia in the Vietnam War Essay - 692 Words

The only time Australia has come under direct attack from another country, was when Japan bombed Darwin and sunk a number of ships in Sydney, during World War 2. The question then has to be asked, why Australia has been involved in so many conflicts. A number of recent conflicts in this century come to mind, they include, The Boer War, World War One, World War Two and The Vietnam War. By far the conflict that drew the most outrage from Australian citizens was the Vietnam War. Australia has been drawn into these conflicts through a number of treaties and alliances made with other countries. Often it is not the conflicts that have drawn most outrage from Australian citizens, rather the insistence of other countries, for Australia to accept†¦show more content†¦Having said this, Australia#8217;s involvement in this conflict was not purely for this reason. Political ambition was a major contributing factor in Australia#8217;s involvement. After all, it was a chance to help one o f the most powerful countries in the world out, and this would strengthen Australia#8217;s political alliances with America. After all wars, there are always large numbers of homeless refugees. Australia has always been seen as a good place to house such refugees, due to it#8217;s size. Socially there has been much unrest in the Australian public to this. The Australian public have seen Asian migrants and refugees as a threat to their jobs, as they work harder for less pay. Post-Vietnam War was no exception, with 70000 Indo-Chinese refugees arriving in Australia since the late 1970#8217;s. Politically the acceptance of war time refugees into Australia, has put the Australian government in a good image with other countries, this acceptance of refugees and migrants has strengthened Australia#8217;s trade ties with other countries introducing large amounts of Capital Revenue. Australia#8217;s involvement in the Vietnam War was pointless, many Australians died fighting a war that had v ery little to do with them. Australia#8217;s involvement was largely Political. The question has to be asked, is it okay toShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons Why Australia Entered the Vietnam War752 Words   |  3 PagesGive 5 reasons Australia enter Vietnam War Introduction Australia is considered among important allies of United States. In the Vietnam war Australia sent a force of 50 000. Being situated in Southern Hemisphere of Southeast Asia, Australia has to face exceptional defense challenges much more than neighboring partner. Historically Australia seems to be willing to accept the major role in military interventions in the surrounding area as can be seen in East Timor. Though Australia is a powerfulRead MoreThe Reasons For Australia s Involvement During The Vietnam War1207 Words   |  5 PagesAssess the main reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. After gaining independence from France in 1954, by the leadership of Ho Chin Min, Vietnam was posed with the task of creating a political faction. Due to the country’s diverse political views Vietnam was temporally split in two (at the 17th parallel). The north side was lead by Ho Chi Minh, a popular leader allied with communist China. Having freed the people of Vietnam from French occupation, many Vietminh supported his everyRead MoreWhy Did Australia Become Involved in the Vietnam War Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War which went from 1965 to 1975 involved America and its allies, including Australia, aiming to prevent South Vietnam from an invasion by the communist North Vietnaese. There were many key reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. The Americans provided valuable support when they arrived at our aid during the WWII so Australia felt a responsibility to return a favour to the US to maintain healthy foreign relations. Australia als o became implicated in the war due to theRead MoreImpact Of The Anti War On The Vietnam War Between 1965 And 19751051 Words   |  5 PagesYear 10 Australian History Why was Australian society divided over the issue of our involvement in the Vietnam War between 1965 and 1975? (750-1000 words) During the decade of 1965-1975, Australian society was controversially divided over the involvement of Australian troops in the Vietnam War. At the peak of the nations involvement, some 8,500 troops were serving for their country. Vietnam was split into the â€Å"democratic† north and the communist south, which was highly supported by the USA andRead More Austrailas Involvment in the Vietnam War1048 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? Australia first came involved in the Vietnam conflict in 1962 when the Australian Government sent a team of thirty army advisers to help train the South Vietnamese Army for its fight against the NLF guerrillas. At the same time a squadron of Royal Australian Air Force fighters were sent to nearby Thailand. While the alliance with the USA was becoming increasingly important, Australia still had strong ties with Britian. In January 1965, AustraliaRead MoreProblems With The Vietnamese War Veterans1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Vietnamese war veterans face and at the end there will be ways that can help, how they were treated and viewed by their fellow countrymen when they returned back home. How did it impact Countries/governments and who protested against the Vietnam War. All these question will be answered on the main paragraphs bellow. What was the problem for the Vietnamese war veterans? Problem that the Vietnamese war veterans faced was the psychological effects which was very common for Vietnam veterans to haveRead More The Vietnam War1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Vietnam War. This civil war was between the Communist North and the Democratic South because of the fear of communism spreading to the South. Other Western countries also helped in this war because they too were afraid of communism spreading, and so they sent money and troops to aid South Vietnam. Some of these countries included America, Australia, and New Zealand. This war was one of the most divisive events in history and I am going to talk about why this is so. For most of Vietnam?s historyRead MoreEssay on The Happiest Refugee1202 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering of human beings during times of war and the struggle to make a better life in a foreign country. The Happiest Refugee is a memoir written by Anh Do which was first published on the 1st of August in 2010. It is regarded as one of the most influential and well-received novels in the world of literature for its great insight on the life of refugees. The book provides a universal message to its readers about the suffering of human beings during wars and their struggle to make a better lifeRead MoreReasons for Australias Changing Attitude Towards the Vietnam War791 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolvement in the Vietnam War started in 1962-75. Some of the reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War were mostly to do with the fear of communism and using the â€Å"forward defence† strategy to prevent the domino theory from happening. During this time Australia’s attitude towards the war changed due to the protesting of anti-war groups such as ‘save our sons’, it was believed that it was more of a civil war then a communism war,   and because it w as a television war. Communism was greatlyRead MoreHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 Pagesfour topics; * Australia in the Vietnam War Era * Changing Rights and Freedoms * People Power and Politics in the Post-war Period * Australia’s Social and Cultural History in the Post-War Period Australia in the Vietnam War Inquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢ What was the impact

Gandhi An Indian Politician - 1164 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in 2 October 1869 in Porbandar and died in Delhi on January 30 1948, at the age of 78 years old. He is from a rich Hindouiste family of the caste of Vaishyas (caste of the traders), just below the caste of the members of a religious order of the warriors. He is the youngest of his 3 other brothers. He was a spiritual guide and an Indian politician. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, is Prime Minister of a small principality by inheritance of the privileges of his family. His mother, Poutlibai, fourth woman of Karamchand Gandhi, lives scrupulously and with worship her religion.Gandhi carries a great deal of respect for his two parents. During his schooling, Gandhi was a mediocre student in primary school. Then†¦show more content†¦Apostle of the civil disobedience and the religious tolerance, diligent follower of the fast and the meditation. The political nonviolence groups is an individual strategies or mass strategy which, without using the violence try to make the opponent bend.Considering that, to obtain their citizenship, Indians have to participate in the defense of this one, he asks them to enlist to support the British in the World War I. After the World War I, Gandhi, fast joined by millions of Indians, opposed the British by organizing the civic resistance and campaigns of non-cooperation (boycott of the authorities, the courts and the schools). Became famous in all India. He also launched a campaign to obtain the economic independence in front of the impoverishment of the population and the destruction of the local industry, the consequence of the British colonial politics. But his campaign of civil disobedience was a failure. He was arrested for subversion in 1922 by the British government and released in 1924. In 1930, benefiting from a considerable influence, Gandhi began a new campaign of civil disobedience, aiming at the deletion of the taxes, in particular on the salt. He was again imprisoned, then released in 1931. Always by nonviolent but active means (boycott, silent demonstrations, hunger strikes), he began a fight for the abolition of the system of castes and the equality of the rights for the untouchable. After the

Taking a Look at the Renaissance - 572 Words

Often described as an intellectual movement, the Renaissance was generally defined as an astounding culture of classical antiquity. Although, this period sparked a huge change for people who lived in Europe, many citizens ended up appreciating not only the scholarly achievements and scientific advances among the artists, but also their distinctive and awe-inspiring arts. At last, there had been a sudden explosion involving the culture and the arts in all of European history. Furthermore, there came a time within this period where the humanistic content, technological mastery and heroic work of various arts heightened; this was known as the High Renaissance Period. In other words, the technology, tools and trainings were at its peak. As a result, the artists acquired more confidence than those who lived in the early renaissance period. During the 1500’s – 1530’s, numerous writers, philosophers, scientists, poets and artists prospered all throughout this time, incl uding three men whom people recall as the High Renaissance Triad: Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. The height of the renaissance was the moment when the simple idea of an artist became one and the same with a genius. The high renaissance principles were considered to have had been attained by the mastery of three inspiring and influential men known as Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo. Being the Italian architect and painter of this time, Raphael’s work was well-liked for its lucidity form and visualShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Renaissance1027 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance is a generally accepted name for the era of great change in culture, art, and architecture which took place in the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Italy, and then left its mark on the culture of the whole of Europe. During the Renaissance there was a significant shift of universally recognized values. They began to appreciate and recognize the creative possibilities of a human mind, which entailed a lot of consequences. One of them was the spectacular development of the architecture,Read More Taking a Look at the Italian Renaissance690 Words   |  3 Pages What did art represent in the Italian Renaissance? Explain the significance of the art in the Renaissance - using examples. Choose one of the artists from each of the eras of the Italian Renaissance: Early Renaissance 1330 -1450 → Donatello, Brunelleschi, Masaccio High Renaissance 1450 - 1500 → Piero della Francesca, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci Late Renaissance 1500 - 1700 → Raphael, Titian, Carlo Maderno, Artemisia Gentileschi Take notes on the contributions that the artist made to:Read MoreTaking a Look at the European Renaissance Essays1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe foundation for the concept of modern humanism was established during the Renaissance in Europe, which took place during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The European Renaissance indicates a milestone in the shift of the human thought process. During this time period, people became less focused on matters of theism and more focused on exercising philosophies of reason, individuality, and learning. Numerous people developed an interest in a philosophy known as humanism, also referred toRead MoreThe Renaissance: The Dawning of a New Age Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe age known as the Renaissance began in the fourteenth century. The word Renaissance means rebirth, those alive in this era witnessed the dawning of a new age. It began as a literary movement among the educated and upper-class men in northern Italian cities (Wiesner 210). Writers and artists studied Roman models and Petrarch, a Renaissance writer, proposed a liberal arts curriculum in order to recapture the previous glory of Rome. The philosophy of humanism became popular bringing about the curiosityRead MoreDid Ladies Have A Renaissance Like The Men?1650 Words   |  7 PagesTaking after the Middle Ages in Europe, came the period known as the Renaissance. Renaissance implies resurrection, and it implied the resurrection of antiquated Greek and Roman society for the exclusive class living essentially in Italy around 1350-1650, and incidentally in England in the late sixteenth century, and hardly in France and Northern Europe. Well known from these years were numerous artisans like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, and scholars like Machiavelli and Erasmus. RenaissanceRead MoreThe Depiction Of Women During The Renaissance Could Be1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe depiction of women during the Renaissance could be described as varied, if we were to vi ew the changes of the role of women during this time as distinct and diverse. This train of thought, though, would be doing a disservice to women as, although certain aspects on women’s position in society did change during the Renaissance, it shouldn’t be observed as a great stride in the advancement of women, rather it is that women were viewed only as certain archetypes, whether they were positive or negativeRead MoreWgu Iwt1 Task 11405 Words   |  6 PagesFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1 A1 - Renaissance The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today. The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up intoRead MoreReligious Art During The Renaissance1200 Words   |  5 Pageschurch. In the fourteenth century, the religious art responded to the crises of the time period. During the Renaissance, artwork shifted to an interest in realism, which can be seen in Raphael’s Madonna and Child with the Young Saint John. The medium for this work of art is oil paint. it was painted in 1500 and is 47 inches in diameter. Raphael was a painter during the Italian Renaissance. He is known for his paintings of the Madonna, each one a little different. He was born on April 6, 1483, inRead MoreTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreThe Lady With An Ermine1141 Words   |  5 PagesCzartoryski bought the piece for Princess Izabella. She did not like the painting very much. â€Å"If it s a dog, it s a very ugly one† she remarked. Taking a dis liking to the blue background, she had it urgently repainted jet black. The Lady with an Ermine, a famous painting with a mysterious title, is significant because it is one of a handful of Renaissance portraits completed by Leonardo da Vinci (he struggled with finishing paintings), and the ermine has several meanings to it, so you can choose what

Essay on “Bread Givers” by Anzia Yezierska Free Essays

Bread Givers Essay: Sara’s Identity In the book â€Å"Bread Givers† by Anzia Yezierska a young girl from poland grows up in america. Set in the 1920s conditions for immigrants living in the United States were tough, not to mention living in the lower East side of Manhattan, New York. Reb Smolinsky the father of Sara in this book really tries on impressing his beliefs onto his children for he is very set on his traditional ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on â€Å"Bread Givers† by Anzia Yezierska or any similar topic only for you Order Now This becomes a very prominent underlying to the story as Sara grows throughout the book moving from her fathers beliefs to her own. This clash between the â€Å"old way† of doing things and her new american life style Sara breaks free from this conflict in finding her own identity in this new world. By doing so Sara really connect and Identifies with three main factors in her life independence, education and hard work. With these three basic elements in Sara’s life she really transitions into her own being and self identity. Throughout most of the beginning of the book Sara is oppressed by her father’s tyranny that drives her to crave independence. After her father demolishes the lives of Sara’s three other sisters she â€Å"began to see that Father, in his innocent craziness to hold up the Light of the Law to his children, was as a tyrant more terrible than the Tsar from Russia† (Yezierska, 64-65). As this is just the beginning of Sara’s unrest with her father it is none the less the beginning of the end for their relationship. Because she does come to the end of her patience with her father. With him constantly beating her her down she would never be able to vocalize or blossom into her own ideas or beliefs. He would constrict all of her self identity out if she was unable to break free from him. â€Å"I’m smart enough to look out for myself. It’s a new life now. In America, women don’t need men to boss them† (Yezierska, 137). Sara finally speaks her mind along with realizing she is able to break free from tradition and be independent in this new world. America had really shaped her ideals and helped to create that pathway to break away. As she is independent she discovers herself through the freedom of being on her own. As seen when she is finally in freedom on her own. â€Å"My hands clutched at the knob. This door was life. It was air. The bottom starting-point of becoming a person. I simply must have this room with the shut door† (Yezierska, 159) Having her own place would create the birth spot for her dreams and aspirations. By now having her own place she is able to cut herself from her family and their hold on her opinions. She is able to break free and now allow her the freedom needed to discover her identity. As she clearly states when she says â€Å"starting-point of becoming a person†, this defines her. Education makes its impression on Sarah when she immediately connects and realizes her dream of becoming a teacher. Giving education a high value in her life. â€Å"A school teacher-I! I saw myself sitting back like a lady at my desk, the children, their eyes on me, watching and waiting for me to call out the different ones to the board, to spell a word, or answer me a question. It was like looking up to the top of the highest skyscraper while down in the gutter† (Yezierska, 155). When she imagines what this one girl had done she realized thats what she wants. This teacher symbolizes a better life for Sara, a life Sara is determined to achieve. The only thing keeping her from achieving this is education. Education becomes what she believes to be the only gateway to the better life she wants. I becomes what defines her as her and changes her status. Finally starting her way to her dream she goes to school. While there she gets her dream and love of education rekindled. â€Å"There was one in the school who was what I dreamed a teacher to be- the principal, Mr. Hugo Seeling. He kept that living thing, that fame, that i used to worship as a child† (Yezierska, 270). The passion she describes here is what directly comes from her and her desire. She puts teaching and education on a pedestal just like hr father puts his faith. She strives to get that same identity with education as a teacher as her father does with the Torah and his religion. Even Fania compares them saying â€Å"Come, Bessie. Let’s leave her to her mad education. She’s worse than Father with his Holy Torah† (Yezierska, 178). This shows how strongly Sara really takes education in her life. Just like the Torah is her fathers identity this is hers’. Sara even when she was young believed in hard work. She wouldn’t hold herself to a lower standard even if it was easier. When she goes to buy herring from Muhmenkeh the elderly women offers to give them to her free. In which Sara replies â€Å"No–no! I’m no beggar! I want to go into business like a person. I must buy what I got to sell† (Yezierska, 21). Even as a young child Sara refuses to take the easy route and accept this charity. She wants to earn it for herself and rise above the life of a beggar. To not let herself be defined and lumped with the poor low lives that don’t take the initiative to do better in life. This hard work is what fuels her to achieve her dreams. As wonderful as living and being on her own is Sara quickly figures out how hard it is. Because in order to pursue her dream she must work hard in order to support herself while going to school. Not to mention give herself time to study and understand what she is learning in order to move on in school. â€Å"As you had to shut your eyes to the dirt, so you must shut your ears to the noise. A quietness within me soothed my tortured nerves. I turned to my books on the table, and with fierce determination to sink myself into my head, I began my lesson again† (Yezierska, 164). She pushes herself through this hard time unlike most people in hard times that just give up. Instead she pushes onward and later on sees the reward of her hard work. Through these hard ships they mold her more and more into who Sara Smolinsky is and becomes. With out this determination and freedom of thought she would never have created her identity for herself. There are many other factors throughout the book that take its toll on Sara’s life and shape the way she changes. Although these three are the most strongly associated with how she identifies herself because these are all characteristics that are unique to her. By the end of the book Sara has fully embraced these and discovered herself. How to cite Essay on â€Å"Bread Givers† by Anzia Yezierska, Essays

Electroshock Therapy free essay sample

Robert Kargher Electroconvulsive therapy does it really work? Since its start of use in 1938, electroconvulsive therapy has been in much debate over its practice and effectiveness. Its inventor ladislas Meduna, suggested that by â€Å"changing the chemical composition of the brain† through ECT we could effectively treat schizophrenia. As he did not realize that these induced seizures had a lot of major physiological consequences. Were these really psychological changes or were they a combination of biochemical induced changes that had caused some type of neurological damage that effected there particular alignment? The controversial history of Ect has never helped this particular therapy among patients of the modern age. From its debut in the 1940’s all the way up to the early 70’s it was considered to be the â€Å" jolt a mental patient needed to get out of their dream world and back into sanity† as stated by one physiotherapist. During the earlier period when convulsive therapies were first being introduced, it wasn’t outlandish to hear commentators explaining it may seem â€Å"barbaric† but insanity may no longer be regarded as a hopeless disease. This revolutionary treatment (ECT) is restoring sanity to thousands of patients. The rationale for the therapy was that an induced convulsion would disrupt the patients thinking and restore to some sense of reality or â€Å"normality†. As early as the 1920’s one of the first convulsion therapy using insulin was administered on schizophrenic patients. Patients were injected with insulin to induce a coma (sometimes it induced convulsions), than they would inject glucose to wake them up. Even though it had high risk it outweighed the positive benefits it had on the patient. Another drug Metrazol, which was originally used for heart patients, also induced convulsion that appeared to reduce or eliminate a patients’ agitation and psychoses. When electroconvulsive therapy was developed in the late 1930’s by the two Italian psychiatrists, it wasn’t deemed better than the insulin method but was much easier than insulin to administer and better tolerated than metrazol. Thus ECT was becoming the choice over the chemical methods of inducing convulsion in patients. By the 1950’s the electroconvulsive therapy was modified with addition of anesthesia and a muscle relaxer. This reduced some of the most severe side effects of convulsion therapy like broken vertebrae and other fractures. In fact by this time electric shock was so well established as a modern effective treatment that journalists described ne medical applications. One of which was about a physician who used electricity on a patient to induce cardiac defibrillation. The physician who was a cardiologist had developed a machine that was based off the ECT. In fact, the first person who received this shock was a nurse in Chicago who became so enthralled wanted to devote her career to psychiatric nursing. Among these discoveries with ECT and all its positive effects none were very conclusive. Though many were very powerful tools for psychiatrist it seemed that was merely a â€Å"quick fix† and not a long lasting solution. Many patients complained not only about their side effects but also that there physiatrist weren’t getting to know them as a person. Lucy Freeman, a journalist, who explained this issue said â€Å"Some psychiatrist-particular neuropsychiatrists – think people become severely troubled because something is chemically or glandularly wrong with them. In the 1960’s as people became more aware of psychoanalysis and new medications for mental illness Ect became less popular. Wasn’t till the 70’s and 80’s did people start to give attention to Ect. There were stories from senators like Thomas Eagleton who after his nomination in 1972 admitted he had been hospitalized and was treated for nervous condition. He was asked to step down shortly after his story went public. Due to the senators success with his treatment and his notoriety psychotherapist began to spur the interest In Ect again. It wasn’t until the new brain imaging technologies and ailments like Parkinson’s disease did electroshock therapy return to focus. Due to a lot of negative notoriety of its uses as how it was portrayed in movies like â€Å"One flew over the cuckoo’s nest and The Snake pit† became a hurdle that still hasn’t been able to jump into with full support. The fears of misuse are common and the movement to abolish or even restrict it has had some success. Today it is practiced in a hospital with two physicians and nurse present during the procedure. The patient is put to sleep and immobilized with a muscle relaxer. Two electrodes with points to the exact area where they want stimulated are attached to scalp. Than a machine directs a electrical current no more than what a six watts bulb takes to induce a convulsion lasting 30 seconds to a minute. The theory of this is it stimulates the hypothalamus and the pituitary to release cortisol and several other that have psychotropic effects that help treat mania or depression. The other effects of memory loss, severe headaches and unstable mood do not outweigh the positive effects. These brief effects were patients have successfully been treated have a high probability of relapse. In a study conducted by Breggin and Sackeim found a lasting memory dysfunction along with other cognitive deficits. In fact a paper to the FDA concerning the safety of ECT stated that the loss of memory and other cognitive skills is directly related to sever head trauma that you would typically receive in an accident and should be withdrawn as a therapeutic treatment. What’s unusual is even with the new brain imaging technology we find no evidence that supports that any damaged has occurred to the brain that would support this claim. There are other theories of how Ect works but none really have any solid concrete evidence of what is does or even how it works on our brain. The only real conclusive things are its memory loss factors with other cognitive loss and the high relapse factor. I don’t it is any more barbaric than simply taking other medications that also impair other functions of the body plus all its side effects. The point is we have choices for each individual case and we should learn as much as we can from each patient and try determine the best therapy that last the longest with as little adverse side effects with best possible outcome.

History Of Jazz And Classical Music (1751 words) Essay Example For Students

History Of Jazz And Classical Music (1751 words) Essay History Of Jazz And Classical MusicHistory of Jazz and Classical MusicUpon entering a modern record store, one is confronted with a wide variety of choices in recorded music. These choices not only include a multitude of artists, but also a wide diversity of music categories. These categories run the gamut from easy listening dance music to more complex art music. On the complex side of the scale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a lifelong study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both. A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Lets begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classical, found in stores and performed regularly bysymphonies around the world, spans a length of time from 1600 up to the present. This time frame includes the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Contemporary periods. The classical period of music actually spans a time from of 1750 to 1800; thus, the term Classical is a misnomer and could more correctly be changed to Western Art Music or European Art Music. European because most of the major composers up till the 20th century were European. Vivaldi was Italian, Bach was German, Mozart and Beethoven were Austrian; they are some of the more prominent composers. Not until the twentieth century with Gershwin and a few others do we find American composers writing this kind of art music. For the sake of convention, we can refer to Western Art Music as Classical music. Jazz is a distinctively American form of music, and its history occupies a much smaller span of time. Its origins are found in theearly 1900s as some dance band leaders in the southern U.S. began playing music that combined ragtime and blues. Early exponents of this dance music were Jelly Roll Martin (a blues player) and Scott Joplin (ragtime). The terms Jazz and Jazz Band first surfaced in the year 1900. Some say this occurred in New Orleans, although similar music was played at the same time in other places. The most prominent exponents of this early music, called Dixieland Jazz, included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet. After World War I, Jazz music had evolved and was aided by the development of the recording industry. Thesmall dance band ensemble grew into the larger orchestra known as the Big Band. The music of the Big Bands became known as Swing. Two of the more famous Swing band leaders were Tommy Dorsey and Harry James. In the late 40s and through the 50s, a different kind of Jazz became popular. This music, played by a very small ensemble, was much moresophisticated and complex . Its rich harmonic changes and melodic counterpoint were not conducive to dance. It became known as Bop, with Charlie Parker and Dizzie Gillespie being the early proponents. In the last twenty years there has been a combination of Jazz with popular music of the US and Latin America. This modern Jazz music has been called Fusion. Present day exponents include Pat Metheny and Chic Corea. There has also been a return to the sound of Bop in the last ten years by such musicians as trumpeter Winton Marsalis and his brother Branford, a saxophonist. Lets focus on the instrumentation of the two kinds of music. In Classical music, both large orchestras and small ensembles are used. But generally, the greatest and most prominent compositions are for the larger symphony orchestra. The largest part of the orchestra is the string section consisting of violins, violas, cellos and string basses. These instruments were invented very early in medieval times but really matured into their present form during the late 18th century. The wind instruments, comprised of brass and woodwinds, took longer to mature. The brass section in particular did not posses the ability to play chromatically (in all keys) until the advent of valves which allowed the length of the instrument to be changed while playing. This occurred around the middle to late 19th century. Consequently, the brass instruments are less prominent in the music of Bach, Mozart and Beethoven along with their contemporaries. Late 19th and early 20th century composers make use of a very large orchestra with all the fully developed wind instruments. Some of the master orchestrator/composers of this time were: Wagner, Rimskey-Korsakov, Ravel and Stravinsky. Currently, composers also make use of the full orchestra but with the addition of increasingly larger percussion sections which add many unique and unheard of sounds than in earlier music. Body Ritual Among the Nacirema EssayIn Classical music, modern listeners are mostly unaware of the fact that many of the great composers of the past were not onlyexcellent performers but also great improvisers. Starting with J.S. Bach (1685-1750), the greatest composer of the Baroque era, he in fact made his living through his great skill as an improvisor. It was common for the Lutheran Church organist of his day be able to improvise on choral melodies and Bach was considered one of the greatest at this. There are written accounts of other composers improvisational abilities including Mozart (1756-1791), Beethoven (1770-1829), and Franz Liszt (1811-1886). Yet, as time went on, improvising gave way to the composers desire to exert complete control over his music. By the late 19th century, improvising was rare and not used at all in public performances of classical music. In summation, we can say that Jazz and Classical music represent two approaches to Art Music. The Classical composer or performer has a long and rich body of music in written form that he uses to learn from while the Jazz musician uses a body of recorded music to learn. Because of its small size, the modern Jazz ensemble allows loose interaction while the symphony orchestras large size and diversity of instruments provides many different sounds and wide dynamic range. In classical music the composer strives for control; he uses printed music to guide and direct the musicians through the conductor. In Jazz music, the songs are loosely composed, thus forming a basis for individual expression within an ensemble. When you go to hear asymphony, you hear an orchestra conducted by the conductor playing a composition. When you go to a Jazz club you hear a small jazz ensemble interacting and improvising a song. Both of these kinds of music provide rich expression and detail to the serious lis tener. They take different paths to reach their final form but give a person equal opportunities to appreciate the creative output of each. Music Essays

Mercedes Zuniga Essays (819 words) - Law Enforcement, Prevention

Mercedes Zuniga Professor Norton English 1C 5/25/2017 Deadly Use of Force: Police Brutality In recent years, police actions, particularly police abuse has come into view of a wide, public and critical eye. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who are supposed to protect and serve. Police officers have beate n and shot unresisting suspects. T hey have misused baton s, chemical sprays, and electroshock weapons. T h ey have injured and killed people by placing them in dangerou s restraint holds. I believe racism and police brutality goes hand in hand. This has caused a major concern in today's society in the United States. On March 3, 1991 in California, Rodney King an African American, was pulled over after a high-speed chase, and after stopping was beaten by four white police officers (Worsnop 635). Tracy Brock also an African American was arrested in Manhattan in November of 1986. An officer smashed his head through a plate glass window, when Broc k refused to go into the officer' s lunchroom (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 14). Ki Tae Kim a Korean grocer was assaulted when he was accused of passing a counterfeit bill. He was punched in the face, his head was slammed into the counter, and the officer also subjected him to racial slurs (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Marcos Maldonado a Latino grocer was mistaken for a suspect after an armed robbery to his store. He was handcuffed, thrown to the floor, repeatedly kic ked, and beaten with the officer's nightstick (Police Brutality and Excess ive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Abner Louima a Haitian immigrant was arrested outside a dance club in Brooklyn, and was brutally assaulted when he arrived at the police station. These are just a few examples of the people who have been affected of police brutality, and racism. There are five stages through which force can pro gress and lead to brutality: v erbal persuasion, unarmed physical force, force using non-lethal weapons, force using impact weapons and deadly force, which most of the officers mentioned before fell into this stage. The deadly forc e stage is only to be used when an officer's life or another person' s life is in danger. The deadly force stage should be terminated, if not made illegal in t he United States. By having the "deadly force" stage, by law you are permitting someone to c ommit a murder. In many of the cases stated before these guidelines were violated, and stronger action was used on the citizen than necessary. The officers who were accused in these cases were charged with only minor offenses, and some were charged with nothing at all. Stronger action should have been enforced on the police officers that committed these crimes. All of these victims mentioned are from minority groups, and were harmed by white New York City police officers. In less than four years fifty-five people have died while being in police custody, in the New York City Police Department (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 8). This number compared to earlier statistics seems to be low, but still seems extremely high, for the rules and regulations the officers are sup posed to be following. Many law enforcement officials appear to have a tough exterior towards crime, but are very sensitive to crime on the inside. Police officers build up negative feelings towards certain races, sexes, or religions. Officers tend to get the impression that if one or a few people treat them with disrespect, then other people of that same sex, race, or religion will treat the officer in the same way. It is proven that less than f ive percent of all cops are the "bad element", but if the other ninety- five percent stand around and do nothing, then that is where the real problem lies (Worsnop 636). Whether or not a person believes police b rutality is a serious problem, it must be stopped. In some cases, where

Operations Management Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company

Introduction In today’s business environment, effective management of primary processes is fundamentally critical for organizations to achieve the desired competitive advantage. More often than not, most primary processes within the organizational framework are directly related to the flow of goods and services (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 13). Organizations have been wound up due to problems emanating from this area, especially in the delivery of finished products and materials to end-user customers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other organizations have survived to tell the story of how this particular segment is of immense importance in operations management. It is the purpose of this essay to describe a delivery problem that rocked Cessna Aircraft Company at the turn of the millennium and evaluate how best it could have been solved using the relevant operations theory and techniques. Headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, Cessna is the largest manufacturer of small piston-powered single-engine aircrafts and business jets. Presently, the company employs over 16,000 employees, and commands a 50% share of the business jet market worldwide (Avery 2003, p.8). From its inception in 1927, Cessna Aircraft has manufactured over 191, 000 aircrafts, making it the leading general aviation aircraft manufacturer in the world (Cessna Chooses 2007). The company has manufactured over 5,400 Cessna Citation business jets, making it the largest manufacturer of business jets in the world. According to its official website, Cessna is committed to its customers and offers the best customer service backup with its 10 organization-owned Citation Service Centres that are fully equipped to meet the inspection, maintenance and service needs of its customers. In addition, the company has strategically positi oned over 400 Authorized Service Stations in 18 countries around the world to offer outstanding propeller aircraft maintenance support. The company practices an integrated supply chain management, revolving around an interrelated series of organizations, resources and processes that are concerned with the â€Å"creation and delivery of value in the form of both finished products and services to end customers and shareholders† (Purchasing.com 2000, para. 3). In this type of supply chain, all decisions that influence the design and flow of raw materials into and through an organization to achieve the desired end products are integrated. Before the integration, the organization’s major business strategies were based on traditional approaches.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problem Identification and its Relationship to Operations Practice In 2000, Cessna air craft was experiencing delivery problems due to its traditional structure in the supply, purchasing, assembly, and sourcing departments. The customer satisfaction rating had significantly dropped since Cessna could no longer honour the set product delivery dates. Indeed, statistics reveals that the organization failed to honour pledges made to customers for timely deliveries by over 35% in 1999. By this time, the organization’s production sales and inventory procedures were severely lacking (Avery 2003, p. 5). As a result, customers were asking for shorter lead times. The above problem directly emanated from the operations practice of the organization before the introduction of the integrated supply chain management discussed above. For instance, the organization’s supply side was overly bloated and lacked clear direction that could add value to the organization. Majority of the suppliers failed to deliver the requisite materials on time, making it almost impossible fo r the organization to make timely product deliveries to their customers (Avery 2003, p. 14). The traditional organizational structure also hindered efficiency and effectiveness in some core business processes such as sourcing and manufacturing of aeroplane parts. This in turn affected product lead time levels. Processes under Consideration From an operations management point of view, several business processes need to be considered to solve the delivery problem that had threatened to decimate Cessna’s customer base. The first priority would go to the organization’s assembly line since this is where most of the products are assembled. All the factors that increase the product’s cycle time within the assembly facility must be identified and put into perspective. According to Swamidass (2000), the term ‘cycle time’ is used in the management field to signify the duration of time taken by the production personnel to avail the product for onward shipment or delivery to the customer (p. 360). Product cycle time is affected by factors such as the number of production stages, in process inventory, employee orientation, nature and effectiveness of automation, among others The inventory system used by the organization also need to be put under a microscope since inefficient inventory processes often lead to delays. The push production system used by the organization caused it to carry huge amounts of inventory. This coupled with an inefficient MRP (Materials Requirements Planning) process effectively limited the company into producing products according to programmed demand rather than producing the items based on the customers’ actual needs (Avery 2003, p. 28). During the time of the delivery crisis, Cessna was utilizing obsolete metrics to measure productivity, thereby allowing considerable variations in core tasks. The process map below shows some of the fundamental core processes and some grey areas that occasioned the delay i n delivery of products to customers. Process Map of Cessna’s Assembly Line Relevant Operations Theories Techniques Some relevant operations theories and techniques need to be incorporated into the efforts made to solve the delivery problem. The Theory of Constraints (TOC), developed by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt, can be used to identify causes of the problems highlighted above and their effect on organizational performance. According to AGI (2009), the TOC process can be â€Å"†¦described via the use of three statements: what to change, what to change to, and how to cause the change† (p. 5).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In deciding what to change in the organization, this theory can be used to identify some unresolved problems or conflicts that keep the company trapped in an invariable tug-of-war or distracted from achieving its fundamental objectives. Every organization has its own core conflicts. In the same vein, organizations are known to develop policies and regulatory frameworks to deal with devastating effects that may arise due to the core conflicts. According to the theory, business managers must then challenge the logical assumptions that are seen to fuel the core conflict. This is seen as the first step towards the development of a comprehensive solution (AGI 2009, p. 5). A strategy must be formulated to resolve all the initial challenges once and for all. For the theory to be effective, the formulated strategy must include the changes to be occasioned alongside the identified solutions to the core conflict to ensure the organization is restored to its best performance. This therefore means that changes must be made in the organization’s policies, behaviours, measurements and strategic objectives. For the intervention strategy to be effective, a ll potential side-effects of the planned intervention strategy must be identified. According to AGI, the means for alleviating the side-effects must be incorporated as key elements of the strategy. It is imperative to note that reducing or alleviating the side-effects actively permits a business entity to intentionally and systematically develop winning strategies. Afterwards, a plan should be developed to facilitate the realization of the formulated strategy. This plan of action must comprehensively include what actions are to be taken, the personnel charged with the responsibility of overseeing the changes, and the time-frame. Another theory that can be used to explain the customer dissatisfaction that was occasioned by the product distribution delays is the Queuing Theory. Although the theory is mostly used in service-type operations to evaluate the shortcomings brought about by queuing, it can be used in our situation to evaluate the loss of reputation and increased customer dis satisfaction level brought about by the organization’s failure to meet delivery pledges and prolonged lead times. According to Lambrechit Vendaele (1994), the Theory of Queuing is based on the assumption that individuals endeavour to receive services from a limited number of facilities, and must therefore wait in a queue for their turn to be served. (p. 415). The theory also presupposes that a significant number of queuing challenges occurs in production and inventory management. The second assumption touches the raw nerves of what was ailing Cessna product distribution systems – huge inventory and production problems in the assembly line.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, customers were kept waiting for long durations of time for their ordered products to reach their destinations. The importance of Queuing Theory is amplified by Lambrechit Vendaele assertion that â€Å"†¦with a little understanding of how queues behave, the solution to many operations management problems becomes clear if not obvious† (p. 415). Another outstanding postulation of the Queuing Theory is that the greater the uncertainty, the higher the undesired impact of amplified clogging on inventories and lead times (Lambrechit Vendaele 1994, p. 418). This means that customers’ uncertainties on requested orders from the organization served to worsen Cessna’s delivery problem by increasing inventories and product lead times. According to the theory, customer uncertainty should be kept at a bare minimum if organizations are to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The theory also presupposes that elevated levels of capacity exploitation caus e increased congestion in the ordering process, enhanced lead times and large inventories due to customer uncertainty. Sadly, this presupposition underlines what was going on within the organization when the delivery problem was first unearthed. Apart from TOC and the Queuing Theory, Cessna’s delivery problems could have been solved using other methodologies such as TQM, Lean Production approaches and Six Sigma. According to Ross Perry (1999), TQM â€Å"†¦is the integration of all functions and processes within an organization in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services† (p. 1). TQM is centred on achieving quality based on the active participation of all members, and lays its focus on customer satisfaction and employee empowerment. At Cessna, TQM could have effectively reduced the variations in critical tasks occasioned by the organization’s use of outdated metrics to evaluate success. According to Kanji (1995), TQM can be used to minimize variation arising from every organizational process so that greater consistency of the inputs and efforts is obtained. This often translates to increased customer satisfaction, higher revenue and growth. Lean production is also an effective methodology in such circumstances since it concerns itself with elimination of waste, reduction of inventory, customer satisfaction and employee empowerment (Malloy 2008, para. 3). A large number of inventories had been cited as one of the causes of Cessna’s delivery woes. Available literature points to the fact that lean production systems have the capacity to drastically reduce inventory and variations in crucial organizational tasks. According to Black (2008), lean production â€Å"†¦ demands that we know how to get our workforce to produce exactly what is needed, in the amount needed, where it is needed.† (p. 3). It should be remembered that Cessna’s production personnel took orders on what to pro duce from the marketing department, a situation that largely contributed to the organization’s distribution and delivery woes (Avery 2003, p. 18). According to the description given above, there was a clear disconnect between customers’ needs and requirements on one hand and what was being produced in the assembly line on the other. Accordingly, lead times increased drastically and the level of customer dissatisfaction was threatening to spill over. The level of customers’ loyalty to the organization plummeted since clients could not receive their orders on time. This scenario could have been greatly assisted by lean production since the techniques facilitate the organization to produce what is needed by the customers and at the right quantities. What’s more, lean production techniques facilitate innovativeness and quality of products. Within the management realm, it is widely believed that â€Å"the key to management innovation is the pursuit of total q uality (Black 2008, p. 6). Six Sigma can be defined as a data-driven statistical technique used to achieve a near perfect quality in organizational processes. The methodology is mostly used to evaluate production and customer oriented activities (Pande 2006, p. 6). Invented by the Motorola group, the technique started as a defect reduction strategy in manufacturing process. However, the technique can now be applied to a multiplicity of business processes to achieve the same purpose. Due to its rapid growth and uptake, Six Sigma can be described as a business improvement model that directs an organization on how to understand and manage its customer obligations, align fundamental organizational processes to achieve those obligations, and facilitate fast and sustainable improvement to organizational processes. Six Sigma make use of precise data analysis to reduce variations in business processes. In Cessna’s delivery problem, the Six Sigma model could have been used to streamli ne operations in the assembly line with the aim of avoiding delays in delivery of products to customers. This technique is usually combined with other quality assurance techniques such as TQM and JIT to facilitate product cycle time and timely delivery of the assembled products to end customers. Defects in products are likely to reduce with the introduction of Six Sigma since the model basically evaluates organizational performance based on how many imperfections are likely to arise in a given product or process. The Six Sigma level allows 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). Cessna Aircraft had a problem of reputation occasioned by failure to meet its pledges for delivery. The Six Sigma model could have been effectively used to rebuild the lost reputation and recoup the lost market share (Textron Six Sigma 2009, para. 1). Indeed, Six Sigma methodology can be fundamentally used in nearly all Cessna’s critical business processes such as designing new aircrafts, enhanc ing the production and distribution processes to meet customer demand, and reducing discrepancies in product quality. Comparisons of Theories with Practice The TOC theory can be compared to what was happening on the ground at Cessna Aircraft Company. For instance, Cessna’s core conflict during the period that the delivery problem was reported was occasioned by the MRP system offering too much leverage to the marketing department at the expense of the needs and requirements of customers (Avery 2003, p. 28). Another core conflict arose from the fact that the assembly line was encountering difficulties in reducing or staying within the allowed product cycle time due to a number of varied reasons, key among them the large number of inventory and increased variations in critical tasks. These shortcomings had invariably increased lead-times and failure to honour pledges, ultimately increasing customer dissatisfaction levels. This was hurting the business. Since the primary and the underlying constraints had been identified, TOC could be used in practice to utilize the bottlenecks and challenges with the aim of increasing products lead-times, reduce operating costs, and minimize inventories. The Queuing Theory could have been combined with other management approaches such as JIT and lean production to effectively deal with the problem of large inventory that inarguably occasioned product delivery problems in the organization. According to the delivery problems highlighted in this paper, it is possible that the organization was using an approach of increasing inventory and holding immense stock for their customers to choose from. Problems arose due to the fact that customers were increasingly demanding customizable products for their aeroplanes (Avery 2003, p. 25). When JIT approach is used, the organization could have been able to minimize inventory, reduce the production lead time, and be able to respond with speed to customer requirements (Lambrechit Vendae le 1994, p. 416). Due to the need of customizable products by customers, the approach used by Cessna of satisfying customers’ requirements from the already existing stock was no longer tenable. In the light of this, the management could have combined the JIT approach with the core propositions of the Queuing Theory to come up with strategies through which customers demands for customizable products could be met within a certain time delay, kept at a minimum. Such an arrangement could have eliminated major wastes, enhanced continuous product improvement, improve customer satisfaction and occasion total quality creation. The resulting improved productivity and dependable delivery processes could be the basis for the organization’s sustainable competitive advantage. The Impact of the Delivery Problem on Customers In any organization, problems relating to operations management can be devastating if adequate remedial measures are not taken in time (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 28) . As already mentioned elsewhere in this essay, the delivery problem had negatively impacted the organization in terms of customer satisfaction and loyalty. Due to management and organizational defects emanating from the assembly line, Cessna Aircraft Company failed to honour over 35% of pledges made to customers for timely deliveries (Avery 2003, p. 5). An inefficient MRP system effectively limited the organization into producing products according to programmed demand made by the marketing department rather than producing the items based on the customers’ actual needs. This worsened the situation further as customers could not secure timely deliveries of the most needed products. In addition, an oversized inventory presented a lot of difficulties when it came to customer service, satisfaction, and timely delivery of products. Such a multiplicity of challenges has the capacity to reduce customer satisfaction levels, return rate, and loyalty, ultimately affecting the organiza tion’s revenue base (Hayes 2009, p. 36). Recommendations Areas of Improvement Various recommendations to the problem can be forwarded, especially when viewed in light of the TOC and other management techniques such as TQM and lean production. For instance, the delivery problem could have been improved through the use of just-in-time (JIT) production philosophy, largely encompassed under the auspices of lean production techniques. According to Lewis Slack (2003), JIT mainly deals with elimination of waste, reduction of inventory, involvement of all employees in the organization’s operation and adoption of continuous concepts and ideas aimed at improving organizational processes (p. 102). This approach also underscores the importance of quality, reliability and fast product cycle time. Lead-times would have been greatly reduced if the organization came up with strategies aimed at enhancing throughput time as well as product cycle time. In addition, some TQM techniques such as ‘quality at the source’ method should have been employed to lessen variability within the assembly line. This paper has revealed that the roots of the delivery problem were firmly entrenched in the assembly line. The self-inspection process that arises from the method ensures that defects are not passed from one production unit to another or from task to task (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 108). This way, Cessna would have been able to meet the pledges made to customers as considerable amount of time would be saved by using the TQM technique. Lastly, problems of long lead-times and huge inventory could have been successfully dealt with if the management had undertaken a critical analysis of key business processes based on TOC. The theory could have enabled the management to realize the issues and challenges that ganged up together to cause the delivery problem. Once identified, the management could have initiated some operational management tactics aimed at reversing th e setbacks. For instance, standard work practices should have been introduced for each unit at the assembly line. According to Clarke (2005), standardization of work processes in an assembly line is important because it helps not only to minimize organizational variation but also to distinguish employee skills that require improvement (p. 215). This process would have allowed the organization to make timely deliveries to the customers. Conclusion All in all, the importance of operations management in an organization can never be underestimated. It forms a core component of the organization by controlling and influencing the system of operations (Ross Perry 1999, p. 3). In the same vein, operational problems can prove costly to organizations if the correct prescriptions are not adhered to in the process of solving the problems. Business empires have fallen under the heavy weight of making the wrong decisions in operations management. Cessna Aircraft must have resolved the product di stribution problem and returned to profitability. But it is imperative that the correct decisions are taken to avoid any chance of problem escalation. The above stated remedies would have effectively dealt with this problem, not mentioning the fact that they would have served to rebuild customer confidence due to quality assurance. List of References AGI – Goldrat Institute 2009. The Theory of Constraints and its Thinking Processes. Web. Avery, S. 2003. Cessna Soars. Web. Black, J. R. 2008. Lean Production. Implementing a World Class System. Industrial Press Inc. ISBN: 9780831133511 Cessna Chooses China’s Shenyang Aircraft Corporation as Manufacturing Partner for Model 162 SkyCatcher 2007. Web. Clarke, C. 2005. Automotive Production Systems and Standardization: From Ford to the Case of Mercedes-Benz. Springer. ISBN: 9783790815788 Hayes, J. 2009. Customers are King: Maintaining Customer Relations and why it is Important. Create Space. ISBN: 9781440486821 Lambrechit, M., Vendaele, N. 1994. â€Å"Queuing Theory and operations Management.† Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 39(4), pp. 415-424. Web. Lewis, M., Slack, N. 2003. Operations Management: Critical Perspectives on Business Management. London: Routledge. ISBN: 97804155249249 Malloy, J. 2008. Lean Production. Web. Pande, P. 2006. The Six Sigma Leader: How top Expectations will prevail in the 21st Century. McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 9780071454097 Purchasing. 2000. Cessna Charts a Supply flight Strategy. Web. Swamidass, P. M 2000. Encyclopaedia of Production and Manufacturing Management. Springer. ISBN: 9780792386308 Textron Six Sigma 2009. Web. This assessment on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company was written and submitted by user Shania W. to help you with your own studies. 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MANUFACTURING PROCESS Essays - Health, Pharmacology, Free Essays

MANUFACTURING PROCESS Essays - Health, Pharmacology, Free Essays MANUFACTURING PROCESS LAYOUT What is Manufacturing process? Manufacturing p rocess can be defined as one or more activities involved in the transformation of Inputs (raw material or information) to a tangible or intangible output. Basic steps involved in each type of process: Planning Planning is about how to meet demand with available resources by developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain for high quality and value. Sourcing Sourcing is about selection of the suppliers which will deliver raw materials required for production. Keys Tools/Tasks needed to be managed: 1) Pricing . 2) Delivery Process . 3) Payment Process. 4) Relations (both B2B and B2C). 5) Receiving and transferring of Supplies/Payment to Manufacturing Cell/Suppliers. Making Making is about production of goods and services. It requires scheduling of manufacturing process to meet the demand with Speed (less time), Quality, Quantity and Work Productivity. Delivery It refers to the logistic processes i.e. moving product to Warehouse or to Retailers. Key Tools/Metrics: Seven R's - 1) Right Place 2) Right Price 3) Right Cost 4) Right Time 5) Right Product 6) Right Quality 7) Right Quantity. Returning It is about process of receiving worn-out , defective and excess products back from customer, and support for customers who have problem with delivered products. Manufacturing Process of Torrent Pharma Pvt Ltd? All the steps involved in the manufacturing process of Torrent pharma is as following: Planning The company have its presence in more than 40 countries and each country has its own set of rules and requirement when it comes pharmaceuticals industry. Every country has to go through some background check about the quality of the drugs provided by a pharmaceutical company. For example: Product shipping to USA will always be labelled in white colour and product shipping to Vietnam or Malaysia will be labelled in yellow in colour. Moreover, as India has Central Drug Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) and Food Safety and Drug Administration (FSDA), other countries also have similar bodies which controls the type and quality of the drug which can be sold in the market. Thus, to meet all the country's basic norms about the importing a drug from another country torrent pharma has to procure all the raw materials as well as the packaging materials as per each country's requirement. Sourcing Torrent Pharma requires approximately 202 chemicals and molecules as a raw material to produce its wide range of products. Also, in some countries combination of different molecules of a drug is allowed but in country like USA with generic medicine business they are forced to make drug of single purpose. Thus, torrent plans it sourcing accordingly. Torrent pharma produces its own 15% of raw materials and rest is either imported from china (20-30%) and other raw materials are sourced from Indian companies dealing in pharmaceuticals raw materials. A few of the companies as stated by the supply chain manager of torrent pharma are following (This are not the only companies from which they buy, others are small manufacturers in South India): Avi Pharmachem D eals in pharmaceuticals raw materials like pharmaceutical excipients etc. Business Type: Wholesale Suppliers Address: Shop No.-1, Opp. Hotel City Look, Sai Road, Baddi , Himachal Pradesh India Singhal Corporation D eal in pharmaceutical raw material , active pharmaceutical ingredients etc. Business Type: Wholesale Suppliers Address: 39/1, Shivdutt Nagar,Dapodi Road,Pimple Gurav,Pune 411027, Maharashtra India Benson Inc Wholesale suppliers of pharmaceutical raw materials , chemical, dyes, pigments, etc. Business Type: Exporters / Manufacturer / Wholesale Suppliers Address: 38/b-1, 1r Vasu, 1st Road, Tps -vi, Milan Subway, Santacruz (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra India Ace Chemicals Exporters of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Anti Allergic Drugs, Anti-Cancer Drugs, Anti Diabetes Drugs, etc. Business Type: Manufacturer / Exporters / Wholesale Suppliers Address: No 3/1-2, 1st Floor, Basappa Road, Off K H Road, Shantinagar , Bangalore, Karnataka India Indus Pharmaceuticals D eals in condoms, pharmaceutical chemicals, pharmaceutical raw material , pharmaceutical ingredients, pharmaceutical injection, A loe Vera , tea, skin care creams, woman sanitary napkin, moisturizing lotion, thermal papers, coffee etc. Business Type: Wholesale Suppliers / Exporters / Manufacturer Address: 24 Subramaniam Street, Abiramapuram , Chennai, Tamil Nadu India Making Manufacturing of drugs is a various step process. All the employees involved in the

Biochemical Surgery essays

Biochemical Surgery essays The desire to improve our world is inherently human. From our health to our food, humans strive to enhance what we have. With the biotechnological age upon us, this desire is being channeled in directions that were previously unforeseen. Scientists have learned a great deal about genes- their structure, function, and how to manipulate them. By combining the genes of unrelated species, permanently altering their genetic codes, organisms are created that will pass the genetic changes onto their offspring through heredity. For the first time in history, human beings are becoming architects of life. Bio-engineers will be creating tens of thousands of organisms over the next few years. The prospect is frightening because genetic engineering poses unprecedented challenges to the environment. Admittedly, genetic engineering has produced new kinds of tomatoes. The Flavr Savr tomato has two and a half times more lycopene than the regular tomato. Lycopene is a carotenoid that has strong antioxidant properties. Antioxidants prevent oxygen from causing damage in cells. Carotenoids aid in the prevention of early blindness in children, cancer, and enhancing cardiovascular health. Not only are the transgenic tomatoes richer in lycopene, they are more robust and solid compared to regular tomatoes (Missick. sec. Tomatoes with... par. 3). For example, the company, Flavr Savr, took an extra gene and put it in a tomato. When it was left to ripen naturally, the developing sugar and acids enhanced the flavor of the fruit. The gene inserted also slowed the softening process by slowing the deterioration of the cell membranes, allowing the fruit to remain firm after ripening (Aldridge. par. 3). However, scientists cannot estimate the probability that harmful substances will be cr eated in any specific case, because not enough is known about the new field of genetic engineering. Current recombinant DNA methods and those likely to...

Biography of Mahmud of Ghazni, First Sultan in History

Biography of Mahmud of Ghazni, First Sultan in History Mahmud of Ghazni (Nov. 2, 971–April 30, 1030), the first ruler in history to assume the title of sultan, founded the Ghaznavid Empire. His title signified that the Muslim Caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Fast Facts: Mahmud of Ghazni Known For: First sultan in historyAlso Known As: Yamin ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qasim Mahmud ibn SabukteginBorn: Nov. 2, 971 in Ghazna,  Zabulistan,  Samanid EmpireParents: Abu Mansur Sabuktigin, Mahmud-i Zavuli  Died: April 30, 1030 in GhaznaHonor: Pakistan named its  short-range ballistic missile  the  Ghaznavi Missile  in his honor.Spouse: Kausari JahanChildren: Mohammad  and  Masud (twins) Early Life On Nov. 2, 971, Yamin ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktegin, better known as Mahmud of Ghazni, was born in the town of Ghazna (now known as Ghazni), in southeast Afghanistan. His father Abu Mansur Sabuktegin was Turkic, a former Mamluk warrior-slave from Ghazni. When the Samanid dynasty, based in Bukhara (now in Uzbekistan) began to crumble, Sabuktegin seized control of his hometown of Ghazni in 977. He then conquered other major Afghan cities, such as Kandahar. His kingdom formed the core of the Ghaznavid Empire, and he is credited with founding the dynasty. Not much is known about Mahmud of Ghaznis childhood. He had two younger brothers; the second one, Ismail, was born to Sabuktegins principal wife. The fact that she, unlike Mahmuds mother, was a free-born woman of noble blood would turn out to be key in the question of succession when Sabuktegin died during a military campaign in 997. Rise to Power On his deathbed, Sabuktegin passed over his militarily and diplomatically skilled eldest son Mahmud, 27, in favor of the second son, Ismail. It seems likely that he chose Ismail because he was not descended from slaves on both sides, unlike the elder and younger brothers. When Mahmud, who was stationed at Nishapur (now in Iran), heard of his brothers appointment to the throne, he immediately marched east to challenge Ismails right to rule. Mahmud overcame his brothers supporters in 998, seized Ghazni, took the throne for himself, and placed his younger brother under house arrest for the rest of his life. The new sultan would rule until his own death in 1030. Expanding the Empire Mahmuds early conquests expanded the Ghaznavid realm to roughly the same footprint as the ancient Kushan Empire. He employed typical Central Asian military techniques and tactics, relying primarily on a highly mobile horse-mounted cavalry, armed with compound bows. By 1001, Mahmud had turned his attention to the fertile lands of the Punjab, now in India, which lay southeast of his empire. The target region belonged to fierce but fractious Hindu Rajput kings, who refused to coordinate their defense against the Muslim threat from Afghanistan. In addition, the Rajputs used a combination of infantry and elephant-mounted cavalry, a formidable but slower-moving form of army than the Ghaznavids horse cavalry. Ruling a Huge State Over the next three decades, Mahmud of Ghazni would make more than a dozen military strikes into Hindu and Ismaili kingdoms to the south. By the time of his death, Mahmuds empire stretched to the shores of the Indian Ocean at southern Gujarat. Mahmud appointed local vassal kings to rule in his name in many of the conquered regions, easing relations with non-Muslim populations. He also welcomed Hindu and Ismaili soldiers and officers into his army. However, as the cost of constant expansion and warfare began to strain the Ghaznavid treasury in the later years of his reign, Mahmud ordered his troops to target Hindu temples and strip them of vast quantities of gold. Domestic Policies The Sultan Mahmud loved books and honored learned men. In his home base at Ghazni, he built a library to rival that of the Abbasid caliphs court in Baghdad, now in Iraq. Mahmud of Ghazni also sponsored the construction of universities, palaces, and grand mosques, making his capital city the jewel of Central Asia. Final Campaign and Death In 1026, the 55-year-old sultan set out to invade the state of Kathiawar, on Indias west (Arabian Sea) coast. His army drove as far south as Somnath, famous for its beautiful temple to the Lord Shiva. Although Mahmuds troops successfully captured Somnath, looting and destroying the temple, there was troubling news from Afghanistan. A number of other Turkic tribes had risen up to challenge Ghaznavid rule, including the Seljuk Turks, who had already captured Merv (Turkmenistan) and Nishapur (Iran). These challengers had already begun to nibble away at the edges of the Ghaznavid Empire by the time Mahmud died on April 30, 1030. The sultan was 59 years old. Legacy Mahmud of Ghazni left behind a mixed legacy. His empire would survive until 1187, although it began to crumble from west to east even before his death. In 1151, the Ghaznavid sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni itself, fleeing to Lahore (now in Pakistan). The Sultan Mahmud spent much of his life battling against what he called infidels- Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, and Muslim splinter-groups such as the Ismailis. In fact, the Ismailis seem to have been a particular target of his wrath, since Mahmud (and his nominal overlord, the Abbasid caliph) considered them heretics. Nonetheless, Mahmud of Ghazni seems to have tolerated non-Muslim people so long as they did not oppose him militarily. This record of relative tolerance would continue into the following Muslim empires in India: the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal Empire (1526–1857). Sources Duiker, William J. Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History, Vol. 1, Independence, KY: Cengage Learning, 2006.Mahmud Of Ghazni. Afghan Network.Nazim, Muhammad. The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, CUP Archive, 1931.Ramachandran, Sudha. â€Å"Asias Missiles Strike at the Heart.†Ã‚  Asia Times Online., Asia Times, 3 Sept. 2005.

KTM One of the Leaders of Motorcycle Industry Term Paper

KTM One of the Leaders of Motorcycle Industry - Term Paper Example Its competency and high quality are due to its expertise in the manufacturing of core parts (e.g. engines, radiators and exhausts). In 1991, KTM went bankrupt and was purchased by Dr Rudolf Knà ¼nz, who is now the chief financial officer of KTM and Stefan Pierer, along with a couple of European Importers and a venture fund, later on, the two partners bought out the whole company from the importers. KTM went public in the year 1996 so that it could gain more market share, grow and be able to buy out its venture fund. In the late 1990’s there were talks of mergers and acquisition but the owners of KTM wanted internal growth. It again went private in the year 1999 so that KTM remained stable and under good leadership. This move was aided by equity financing from BC European. Most of the revenues that KTM generated came from its off-road motorcycle sales. Mainly form Motocross and Enduro bikes which were basically termed as ready to race bikes. These bikes were the most popular and growing products because of their short lifespan and as they introduced new models and upgraded them regularly. Other products that come under off-road bikes that KTM offers are sportminicycles, rally bikes and supermoto bikes. All of these generally relate to sporty and adventurous people and cater to all ages. For example, sportminicycles are entry level bikes specially designed for children. What’s different about KTM products is that they have a distinctive engine configuration and unique design elements. They are reliable, compact and extremely efficient and effective at a performance. Their styling is unique and is much more diverse than other Japanese bikes. They combine the Italian style with German engineering giving it a competitive advantage. These are all the features that are necessary for the off-road category. KTM generally uses its off-road racing as a major advertising strategy and marketing activities. Its main purpose is to promote its brand as a very adventurous and sporty brand and they do it by sponsoring such racing events.     

Knowledge and innovation in organisations are fundamentally linked Essay

Knowledge and innovation in organisations are fundamentally linked. Critically analyse this statement - Essay Example In the internet this ranges from; data from all over the world has been categorized and catalogued by thousands of online companies making it possible for people to access and create resources online. Innovation is closely connected to the concept of creativity and although it is very commonly used, most scholars consider it a notourisily ambiguous concept since it is nearly impossible to pin it down as a single definition or measure (Terziovski, 2010). According to Galunic and Rodan (1998), innovation can be defined as the ability or capacity of an organization to constantly come up with and implement new ideas and in modern organisational management, it is considered a critical aspect of the organisational outcome. Many scholars agree that knowledge and innovation cannot be separated from each other and it is unquestionable that they are the driving force behind most economies in the world. Another way the connection between the two can be demonstrated is by perceiving innovation a s the application and transmission of knowledge from the research and development stage to the implementation and application (Gulbrandsen, 2007). Essentially, knowledge is superordinate to innovation since the former is simply a form of knowledge that has been synthesized and practically applied in a creative way. The intertwining relationship between the two concepts is especially demonstrated in the fact that organisations strive to acquire new knowledge which they then assimilate and apply so as to convert it into profit use it to drive whatever other non-fiscal or fiscal objectives that drive the company. Although it is only recently that attention has been focused on the concept of knowledge with the benefit of hindsight, there is little doubt that knowledge has always been central in human organisations. From the Stone Age era through to the modern period, creating and synthesizing new knowledge, which could also mean innovation has been the

What is enterprise infrastructure Research Paper

What is enterprise infrastructure - Research Paper Example Enterprise infrastructure is stated to be the technology backbone of modern business (IT World Canada, 2011). According to Camp (2004), a blueprint of the enterprise infrastructure, known as enterprise architecture, forms the basis of an organisation’s Information Technology planning. A complex infrastructure is usually found in an e-business environment. Web services are being increasingly used for putting e-businesses on the Web, as well as enabling users: either humans or other Web services to use them. â€Å"Web service refers to a business or computational function delivered using standard web technology such as HTTP (Hypertext transfer protocol), XML (Extensible markup language), and SOAP (Simple object access protocol)† (Sahai & Graupner, 2005, p.5). Web services have to be interfaced with the internal business processes to receive, fulfill and deliver orders. IT World Canada (2011) states that business process improvement software, business performance management and other enterprise infrastructure software are essential for Thus, the logical business processes, the Web services and the operation of enterprise infrastructure require the support of hardware, software, as well as humans. For example, an e-business infrastructure would include â€Å"web sites, web server farms, applications servers (J2EE, .Net) and business processes execution platforms such as Process Manager, MQSeries, and Web Method (Sahai & Graupner, 2005, p.44). Further, management of enterprise infrastructure includes desktop, data storage systems, networks, and the reduction of complexity and costs including minimizing the number of people required to efficiently operate the enterprise IT sytems. This paper has higlighted enterprise infrastructure and its components; and examined the need for its management, for achieving best outcomes in e-businesses. With the transformation of information technology from

Is Charter School an Answer for Inner City Students A Study of Dissertation

Is Charter School an Answer for Inner City Students A Study of Inclusion Among Disadvantaged Black Male Students with Disabili - Dissertation Example    Charter schools are public schools in nature and are intended to improve the education system of any nation. They possess a degree of independence in that most of the times they charge little or no tuition and are open to any student who wishes to enroll in them. They are also non sectarian and do not discriminate against any student on the basis of any affiliation be it sex, religion, race or color. They may be funded by the local authority in which it is situated, through the state or federal revenue like other public schools. These charter schools also adhere to state and federal academic standards as a benchmark in their day to day activities.  The basic concept of a charter school therefore, is the exercise of increased autonomy in exchange for accountability to the relevant stakeholders. Charter schools are free to improvise ways of improving the general student performance and achievement through numerous ways. They might do this through offering longer school days or o perating hours. This is what is at times known as remedial classes in some jurisdictions. Here, students spend more hours in class exploring ways of excelling in whatever discipline they are engaged in or are undertaking. This may occur during extended hours during week days, weekends or even during vacations or holidays. The schools may also adjust the curriculum contrary to what is set by the government to provide the learners with more time on the important or core subjects that they need most for their studies. Charter schools may also create a unique school culture whereby a specific school may adopt specific themes such as performing arts, career readiness, classical education, global awareness or meeting the needs of black or autistic students (Betts and Hill, 2010). Recent research has found that inner city kids or under-served students, who attended charter schools in New York City for nine consecutive years, from kindergarten to eighth grade, would close most of the  "Scarsdale-Harlem† achievement gap. The research also found that charter school students in this study won school admission lotteries as compared to other students in other public schools in the state (Reardon, 2009). This is further led credence by a similar study that found that students attending charter high schools in Chicago and Florida had higher ACT scores, graduation rates and college entrance rates than their peers in traditional public schools (Booker, Gill, Zimmer and Sass, 2009) It is therefore true that charter schools are high achiever as they produce positive results in both elementary and middle schools. This therefore means that there should be improved participation of all stakeholders involved in the research about the viability of charter schools. This will require strong and better policy formulation that would eventually lead to high-quality public charter schools. (Betts and Tang, 2008) Inclusion of black male students with disabilities into charter sch ools is understood to mean the integration of the education of male students with disabilities alongside those that are leading a normal life through regular classroom attendance. This is prompted by the urge by different stakeholders such as the

Regulating Soldiers Body Temperature, Uniform Technology Summary Essay

Regulating Soldiers Body Temperature, Uniform Technology Summary - Essay Example A soldier may end up experiencing different health issues as a result of changes in climate in the areas they train and operate. These health issues can be divided into heat and cold based health issues. Heat related issues include heat cramps, syncope, fatigue and stroke and cold related health issues include hypothermia as well as frostbite. There are various technologies that can help monitor and change the body temperature of the soldiers with the changes in the climate. These technologies including phase change, hybrid, and evaporative as well as circulatory cooling technologies. Phase change material is a technology that can help in managing soldier’s body temperature if this technology is used to design the uniforms of the soldiers. This technology has several benefits including reduction of sweat, feeling of cold and decrease body temperature if the soldier is experiencing excessive warmth. While managing the temperature of a soldier’s body, this technology even provides soldiers with comfort. The technology is useful for soldier’s clothing because it does not causes issues when it comes in contract with the gears used by the soldiers. The technology lacks toxins; it is not flammable, is quite long lasting and can be reused. In order to use this technology along with uniforms the technology needs wires to function. This can restrict the acceptability of this technology, but if soldier’s uniforms have the ability to create electricity then this technology can easily be used. Another issue associated with this technology is fabric tearing but this problem may be experienced in the long run. Outlast is an existing clothing brand that has already developed uniforms for army professionals with the help of phase change material (PCM) (Armedforces-int.com 1). The company operates throughout the globe and is developing products that are made with PCM and these materials have been tested and approved by